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相信大家有時在使用介詞上常搞的一頭霧水,好比說到底是要用in還是on呢?還是at?


所以此次在介詞的用法上,小依特別大大的搜集文章,“揮汗”整理出來上中下集喔!


希望讓介詞用法,在解說與例句中更“平易近人”!

 

早、午、晚要用in
例:
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天 
 

at黎明、午、夜、點與分
例1:
 at daybreak 在黎明時候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜間
at midnight 在午夜
例2:
at six o'clock 在6點鐘
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7點半
at half past eleven 在11點半
at nine fifteen 在9點15分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10點30分
at the weekend 在週末

 

**時間的寫法,幫大家做個提醒與溫習,如下:
seven to five 5點差7分(半小時以上)
five minutes after two 2點過5分
at a quarter to two 1點45分


 

in年、月、年月、季節、周
** (但在某年某月某日則用on)**
例:
in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季
in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季
in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 這學期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周

 

in陽光、燈、影、衣、冒
(即在陽光下,在燈下,在樹陰下,穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用in。)
例:
Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他們在明亮的燈光下復習功課。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹陰下乘涼。
a prisoner in irons 帶著鐐銬的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到車站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 舊社會窮人們衣衫襤褸。
衣著例句如下:
a merchant in disguise 喬裝的商人 
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿著白(黑、紅、黃)色衣服的婦女
in uniform 穿著制服
in mourning 穿著喪服
in brown shoes 穿著棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿著襯衫

 

將來時態in...以後
例:
They will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以後回來。
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一兩天就回來。
We'll be back in no time. 我們一會兒就回來。
Come and see me in two days' time. 兩天後來看我。(從現在開始)
after... (從過去開始)

 

小處at大處in
例:
Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到達黑山縣,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一個小城鎮,而我的父母則住在農村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在遼寧省鞍山市.

 

有形with無形by,語言 、單位、材料in
例:
The workers are paving a road with stone.
工人們正用石子鋪路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.
這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera.
>是—出好戲。(無形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 這種產品是用蒸餾分離出氣油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法——無形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed.
我確實不能用英語流利地表達我的思想。 (表示某種語言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian.
我用俄語寫了一本小說。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.
公里是米制中最長的長度單位。 (表示度、量、衡單位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 長度是以米、公里、釐米為單位來計算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold.
這個牌匾是銅鑄的,不是金鑄的。

 

特徵、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用in
(1)特徵或狀態:
例:
The Democratic Party was then in power.
那時民主黨執政。
They found the patient in a coma.
他們發現病人處於昏迷狀態。
He has not been in good health for some years.
他幾年來身體一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope.
許多人帶著絕望情緒而來,卻滿懷希望而去。
The house was in ruins.
這房屋成了廢墟。
The poor girl was in tears.
這個貧苦女孩淚流滿面。
Her clothes were in rags.
她的衣跟穿破了。
His shoes were in holes.
他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun.
我說這話只是開玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger.
與其說她講得很氣憤,不如說她講得很傷心。

 

還有一些短語也用in
例:
in jest 詼諧地
in joke 開玩笑地
in spite 惡意地
in fairness 公正地
in revenge 報復
in mercy 寬大
in sorrow 傷心地

His mind was in great confusion.
他腦子裏很亂。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都興高采烈,沒有一個情緒低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages.
她和她的同學都正值妙齡。
The compaign was in full swing.
運動正值高潮中。

(2)方面
例:
we accepted the item in principle.
我們在原則上接受了這個條款。
They are never backward in giving their views.
他們從來不怕發表自己的意見。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.
這個落後的地區在糧食方面已能自給。
A good teacher must be an example in study.
一個好的教師必須是學習的模範。

(3)方式:
例:
All the speeches were taken down in shorthand.
所有報告都用速記記錄下來了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 黨一貫以愛國主義和國際主義精神教育我們。

(4)成語慣用in
例如:
in all 總計
in advance 事前
in the meantime 與此同時
in place 適當地
in hopes of(或in the hope of) 懷著.......希望
in connection with 和……有關
in contact with 和……聯繫
in addition to 除......以外
in case of 倘若,萬一
in conflict with 和......衝突
in force 有效的,大批
in depth 徹底地
in regard to 關於
in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近
in retrospect 回顧,一想起
in behalf of 代表......利益
in the least 一點,絲毫
in alarm 驚慌、擔心
in the opinion of 據……見解
in the long run 從長遠說來
in one's opinion 在……看來
in word 口頭上
in a word 總之
in vain 無益地, 白白地
in case 如果,萬一,以防
in detail 詳細地
in haste 急急忙忙地
in conclusion 總之
in spite of 儘管
in other words... 換句話說
in return 作為回報
in the name of 以......名義
be confident in 對......有信心
be interested in 對......感興趣
in doubt 懷疑
in love 戀愛中
in debt 負債
in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地
in hesitation 猶豫不決
in wonder 在驚奇中
in public (secret) 公開他(秘密地)
in a good humour 心情(情緒)好

 

 

 

  喝口水、伸個腰、再繼續

 

 

 

「介詞at、to可以表示  方向、攻擊、位置、善、惡、分」
用at表示方向時,側重於攻擊的目標,往往表示惡意;
用to表示方向時,突出運動的位置或動作的物件,側重表示善意。

試比較下列各句:
1. A. She came at me. 她向我撲過來。
    B. She came to me. 她向我走來。
2. A. Jake ran at John. 傑克向約翰撲過去。
    B. Jake ran to John. 傑克朝約翰跑去。
3. A .He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿著劍向那婦女撲過去。
    B..He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他帶著劍向那婦女跑過去。
4. A. He shouted at the old man. 他大聲喝斥那老人。
    B. He shouted to the old man. 他大聲向那老人說
5. A. I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我聽見她在抱怨小李。
    B. I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我聽見她在同小李低聲說話。
6.  A.She talked at you just now. 她剛才還說你壞話呢。
     B.She talked to you just now. 她剛才還同你談話呢.
7.  A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一塊骨頭砸狗。
     B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一塊骨頭扔給狗吃。
8.  A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手槍對著我。
     B.He presented a pistol to me. 他贈送我一支手槍。

 

日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on
例:
on Octorber the first.  1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth.  l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first  5月1日
on the first  1號
on the sixteenth  16號
on the second of January 或 on January the second  1月2日
on a summer evening  在夏天的一個夜晚
on Boxing Day  在節禮日(耶誕節次日)
on New Year's Day  在元旦
on my birthday  在我的生日

**但 in the Christmas holidays在耶誕節假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世紀; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在現代……則用in
**the present time 現在,at the present day當今……則用at

on May Day 在“五一”節
on winter day 在冬天
on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上

**但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time準時,in time及時……等則不同。

 

年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in
例:
on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech.
他們在臨行前夕舉行了一次告別宴會,他們的團長發表了告別講話。

 

收音、農場,值日on
例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
您的導師喜歡昨天從收音機裏聽到的故事嗎?
I heard the news over (or on) the radio.
我從收音機裏聽到了這一條消息。
talk over the radio
由無線電播音

on TV 從電視裏......
hear something on the wireless 在無線電裏聽到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一個軍墾農場工作。
The students are working on a school farm. 學生們正在校辦農場勞動。
This is a farmer's house on a farm. 這是農場的農舍。
Who is on duty, tody? 今天誰值日?
We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我們上午8點鐘上班。

 

on關於、基礎、靠、著論
例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我們要聽關於國際形勢的報告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America.
申教授將給我們做關於美國之行的報告。
You are wrong on all these issues.
在這些問題上你的看法都錯了。
The belief is based on practical experience.
這種信念是以實際經驗為基礎的。
Theory must be based on practice.
理論必須以實踐為基礎。
The people in the south live on rice.
南方人主食大米。(靠)
The citizens live on their salaries.
城市人靠薪金生活。
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month.

 靠月薪100元的收入,你是買不起奢侈品的。
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food.
她用精飼料餵養她心愛的狗。
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people.
他正是一個小偷,專靠損害別人過日子。
Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling).
讓水壺的水一直開著。
The enemy are on the run (=running).
敵人在逃跑

 

on後接the加上一個作名詞的動詞,其意義與現在分詞所表達的相近。
類似例子很多如:
on the march在行軍中
on the mend 在好轉中
on the prowl徘徊
on the move活動中
on the scrounge巧取豪奪(埋語)
on the go活躍,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒
on the watch監視著on the hop趁不備抓住某人等等。
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship>和>
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship>
"on Coalition Government" >

 

on著、罷、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、準

(注:口訣中的“著”是指著火;罷指罷工;偷指偷偷地;公指出差、辦公事;假指休假;準指準時)
例:

The house next to mine was on fire.
我鄰居的房子著火了。
The workers of the railway station were on strike.
鐵路工人罷工了。
Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.
新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
do something on the sly (quiet).
秘密地(暗地裏,偷偷地)做某事。
I've come here on business.
我是有公事來的。
They went to Bern on a mission.
他們到伯爾尼去執行一項使命。
They has been away on a long trip.
他們出去做一次長途旅行。
I'll go home on leave next month.
下月我將休假回家。
I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave.
我是出公差去上海的,不是不告而別。
She came to see you on purpose.
她是專程來看你的。
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you.
他到這來是要與你討論這件事的。
This lunch is on me.
"No. let's go Dutch."
“這頓午飯我付錢。”
“不,還是各付各的。”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand.
相反,這事兒很容易理解。
P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 請準時來。
(**注:in time是“及時”的意思**)
The train arrived on schedule. 火車準時到達。

 

特定時間和“一……就”,左右on後動名詞
例:
Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling.
氣體加熱時膨脹,冷卻時收縮。(特定時間)
On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一進屋,他就發現他的朋友們在愉快地跳舞。
On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang.
一到城裏他就給老楊打了一個電話。
I'll write to him on hearing from you.
我接到你的來信就給他寫信。(一……就)
以及on the left, right向左向右,on the stair在臺階上等。

 

on步行、驢、馬、玩笑   (cab,carriage用in)
例:
On foot步行
on horse騎馬
on donkey 騎驢
He rode on, blood flowing from his side.
他騎著馬,鮮血從腰部流下來。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 為趕上部隊,那位八路軍戰士騎馬日行百里。
Go on horse back!
騎馬去!
You are having me on!
你和我開玩笑呢!

**in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。

 

 

 

上集先介紹到此喔!希望大家會喜歡!

 

學習英文並不難,小依與大家一起加油。

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