常見生活、多益英文分享！

介詞用法，第二部份小依為大家整理如下喔！

但無論是學習英文、或者要考全民英檢、托福、托益等，也是要多利用"說"英文的方法，將其變成自然而然的英語口語化，死背單字或文法，也只有短期上的效果，還是要多說多唸，"開口"學英文喔！

at山腳、門口在當前，速、溫、日落價核心
即在山腳下、在門口、在目前，速度、以……速率、溫度、在日落時、在……核心。
例：
At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.
在山腳下，有我們30個同志。
There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.
山腳下有一個美麗的湖。
At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball.
門口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door?
誰站在門口?
I don't need the dictionary at present.
我現在還不需要這本詞典。
He is at present in Washington.
他目前正在華盛頓。
The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour.
火車每小時行駛50公里。
we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost.
我們以最低的投資，最高的速度修建了該工廠。
at home ..在國內，在家裏
at ten degrees centigrade
在攝氏10度
at minus ten degrees centigrade
攝氏零下10度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade.
水在攝氏零度結冰。
Water usually boils at 100°.
水通常在攝氏100度沸騰。
at zero ..在零度
at full speed ..全速
at a good price ..高價
at a low cost ..低成本
at a great cost ..花了很大代價
at that time ..在當時
Evaporation takes place at all tempertures.
蒸發在任何溫度下都能發生。
at 1000RPM (revolution per minute)
 每分鐘1000轉
at a high speed ..高速
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.
戰士們在日落時對敵人發起了攻擊。
at daybreak ..日出時
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 領導我們事業的核心力量是中國共產黨。
The atom has a nucleus at its core.
在原子的中心有一個原子核。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 這學期開始，我們的班主任老師對我們要求非常嚴格。 
At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's Republic of China. 在中華人民共和國第一次全國人民代表大會第一次會議上。

常用的at短語有:
at first ..首先，開始時
at least ..至少
at all events ..無論如何
at home ..在家，無拘束
at one stroke ..一下子
at a loss ..不知怎辦
at any rate ..不管怎樣
at length ..詳細地
be at high tide ..處於高潮期
at our invitation ..應我們的邀請
at our request ..應我們的請求
at the news ..聽到這消息
at the risk of ..冒......危險
at a great expense ..以巨大費用
at a stroke ..一舉
at intervals of ..每隔
at liberty ..有權，隨意
at the sight of ..一見到
at the point of ..接近，靠近
at the thought of ..一想到
at the speed of  以.....速度
at the cost (price) of  以.....為代價
at leisure ..閑著、失業
at the disposal of  任憑……使用
at stake ..在危險中、在成敗關頭
at bottom ..實際上、本質上
at short notice ..一得到通知
at seeing us ..看到我們
at the happy tidings ..聽到喜訊
at sixteen ..在16歲時
at the present stage ..在現階段
at the weekend ..週末
at all times ..永遠
at 405 Victory Road ..在勝利路405號

With工具、同、和、隨、具有、獨立、就、原因
例：
We write with ballpens.
我們用油筆寫字。(工具)
**但He write in blue ink. 他用藍水筆寫字(墨水用in不用with)**
Theory must go hand in hand with practice.
理論必須同實踐相結合。(同)
He is talking with friends.
他正同朋友們談話。〔同)
I'd like to have a dinner with a friend.
我喜歡同朋友共同進餐。
We must co-operate closely with them.
我們必須同他們緊密合作。(同)
We, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours. 我們雖然就要走了，但是友誼卻在我們之間紮了根，我們的心和你們的心是緊緊相連的。(和或同〕
A cadre must become one with the masses.
幹部必須和群眾打成一片。
I'm with you.
我同意你。
An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope. 原子太小，即使用顯微鏡也看不見它。(工具)
In the past I had to part with my wife.
舊社會我不得不和妻子離別。(和)
The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.
社會主義革命日益深入。(隨著)
They sail with the wind.
他們順風航行。(隨著)
With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too. 隨著經濟基礎的改變，上層建築也必須改變。(隨著)
With the battlle of Waterloo, Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended. 滑鐵盧一戰，拿破崙對歐洲的統治就完蛋了。
The modern electron tube.
隨著電子管的發明而誕生了現代電子工業．
She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition. = in a family way, = She is pregnant (in pregnancy).
她懷孕了。(有)
**但She is with a child．意為:“她領著一個孩子。”**
China is a very large country with a long history.
中國是一個歷史悠久的大國。(具有)
China is a country with a population of ten billion people.
中國是一個有10億人口的國家。（具有）
What is the matter with you?
怎麼回事?(就，關於)
How is it with you?
你怎麼啦？(就，關於)
Everything was going well with them.
他們一切都進行得很順利。(就……)
It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it. 由於聚集了大量的能，所以閃光非常強烈。（獨立結構）
>
With a new welding technique introduced, the use of stainless steel was no longer limited to making small things only. 由於新的焊接技術的引進，不銹鋼的使用就不僅僅局限在微小的物件上了。(獨立結構)
With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has.
由於鐳射的光束同步，所以它具有普通光所沒有的特殊性質。(獨立結構)
Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change from one state into another. 沒有溫度或壓力的變化，物質永遠不能以一種狀態變到另一種狀態。(獨立結構)
The evil landlord was trembling with fear.
那個萬惡的地主嚇得渾身發抖。(原因)
My wife's hands were rough with work.
我太太因為老幹活，手很租糙。(原因)．
With the help of my classmate's taperecorder I listen to the Voice of America and B.B.C every day. 借助於我同學的答錄機，我每天收聽美國之音和B.B.C。(原因)
With televition, we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres.
因為有了電視，我們坐在家裏就能看到各種節目, 而不必去影院、戲院了。(原因)
就......來說賓譯主，對、有、方狀、表細分

這裏的with後邊的賓語常譯成主語
例：
How are the things with you?
你情況怎樣？
What's wrong with your eyes?
你的眼睛怎麼啦?
Something is wrong with my hands.
我手出點毛病。
Everything was going well with them.
他們一切都進行得很順利。
Parents must be strict with their children.
父母對子女要嚴格。(對)
The doctor was very patient with his patients.
那位醫生對患者非常耐心。(對)
I'm quite satisfied with your answer.
我對你的回答很滿意。(對)
Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated areas. 許多帶有革命傾向的知識份子都投奔解放區了。(有)
These apartment houses are for workers with families.
這些住宅樓是給有家屬的工人蓋的。
*He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.
他兩手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(狀語)獨立結構
*They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work. 它們是高度機械化的農場，所有工作都由機器進行。(狀語)獨立結構
(**註：上兩句是with引出的複合結構**)
I will be with you again in half an hour.
過半個鐘頭我還會跟你們在一起的。
(**with的介詞短語作表語。另注意in將來時態in以後**)
Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four during the cultural revolution. 我們是非常同情“文革”中被“四人幫”迫害的青年學生的。(with的介詞短語作表語)。

起身動一動、伸展一下再繼續

by海、陸、空、車、偶、被，單數人類
例:
by land (air, sea, water, bus)
陸路(航空，水陸，水路，乘公共汽車)
by micro bus ..坐小麵包車(微型汽車)
by mini bus ..坐小麵包車
by train ..坐火車
by trolley bus ..坐無軌電車
by tram ..坐有軌電車
by bike ..騎自行車
by motor car ..騎摩托車
by tube ..坐地鐵
by airbus ..坐大型客機(空中汽車〕
by jeep ..坐吉普車
by chance ..偶然
by accident ..偶然，無意中
以及by virture of ..靠、由於
by leaps and bounds ..大幅度地
by way of ..經由
by the book ..按常規
The list of discoveries by "accident" could fill a long book.
偶然的發現可以寫一本很厚的書。(偶然)
The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein.
相對論是愛因斯坦創立的。(被動)
The book was written by Mr. Zhang.
這本書是張先生寫的。(被動)
That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man. 1969年第一顆人造衛星上了天是眾所周知的。

**這裏用to man而不用by。
即當單數又無冠詞的man和known搭配時，表示人類不用by。
this，that，tomorrow，yesterday，next, last, one；接年、月、季、星期、周，介詞省略已習慣。
例:
一天one day (不說on one day)
one summer ..在一個夏天
one year ..一年
Iast nieht ..昨天夜裏
last Friday ..上個星期五
last month ..上月
last year ..去年
yesterday afternoon ..昨天下午
tomorrow afternoon ..明天下午
tomorrow evening ..明天晚上
next month ..下個月
next week ..下周
next year ..明年
next Saturday ..下星期六
this morning ..今天早晨
this year ..今年
this Tuesday ..本星期二
this Autumn ..今年秋天
that morning ..那天早上
that evening ..那天晚上

無論前面介詞in、on還是at，通通可省略，不能說at last night, on last Friday, in last month, in this year這些都是不對的，須去掉介詞。
over, under正上下，above, below則不然；若與數量詞連用，混合使用亦無關。

over under正上下，低高below與above
例：
There is a picture over the window.
窗戶上面有一幅畫。(正上方)
The plane flew above the city.
飛機飛過城市上空。（高於城市並非正上方)
A lamp was hanging over the table.
一盞燈是在方桌上方。(正上方)
The moon was now above the trees in the east.
這時月亮已經在東邊樹林的上方。(非正上方)
Don't stand above the masses.
勿高踞於群眾之上。(比喻一非正上方)
The mountain is 700 feet above sea level.
這座山海拔700米。(非正上方)
There is a small building below the hill.
山下有座小樓房。(非正下方)
There is a submarine under the water.
水下有艘潛水艇。(正下方)
Water was found ten feer below the surface.
在地面下10英尺處找到了水。(非正下方)
The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees.
農民們正在樹下乘涼。(正下方)
The temperature in the room is below (or under) 30℃.
室溫是攝氏30度以下。(數量詞兩者皆可)
Do you have anything in the way of computers below (under) $10000? 你們有哪些價格低於10000美元的電腦? （數量詞兩者皆可〕

beyond超出、無、不能
例：
It's quite beyond me (=It is more than I can understand).
這我完全不懂。
Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.
不要在外呆到10點以後還不回家。
But the gratitude from the bottom of my heart to the students and my old colleagues, has gone beyond my control.
發自肺腑的對學生們和我的老同事們的感激之心使我毫不緊張，毫不拘束；
Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.
你的成績是讚揚不盡的。
That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.
那樣開玩笑太過火了。
They were touched beyond words.
他們被感動得無法形容。(無)
To do this was quite beyond all doubts.
辦這事我無能為力。(超出)
This is inevitable and beyond all doubts.
這是必然的，毫無疑義的。(無)
**另外, Beyond two cottages stood his house.   句子中的beyond是“那邊”的意思。**

against 靠著，對與反
例:
In front of the wardrobe there are two upholstered armchairs arranged against the south wall near the door. 立櫃前面是兩把沙發椅，靠著南城門附近。 （靠著）
She leaned wearily against the railings.
她疲憊地靠著欄杆站著。(靠著)
A new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110. 新總統以274票對110票的多數當選。(對……)